Key idea For a square system AX=BAX=BAX=B with ∣A∣≠0|A|\ne 0∣A∣=0, Cramer’s rule gives: xi=∣Ai∣∣A∣x_i=\frac{|A_i|}{|A|}xi=∣A∣∣Ai∣ where AiA_iAi is obtained from AAA by replacing the iii-th column by BBB.